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It was during the 19th century that the machine ancestors of the forklift was first developed. At this time, small, battery-powered units were made for the purpose of transporting traveler's baggage in Pennsylvania at the Altoona train station. During WWI, various types were developed within England specifically to be utilized in the material handling business. These machinery evolved as a solution to the manpower shortage at that time.
The modern equivalents come in a range of sizes and configurations. There are the big truck-mounted forklift units that are also known as sod loaders and then the opposite end of the spectrum has small hand truck units. There are also a line of automated versions referred to as forklift automated guided vehicles which are basically robotic in nature. These models were made as a means of lowering operational costs and to improve productivity.
Attachments have been made to fit onto numerous common forklifts, giving them the capability of performing a wider selection of jobs. The motors could be IC or internal combustion models, running on gasoline, propane or diesel, or there are battery operated options which require regular charging. Typical warehouse units would normally be rated to raise between about 1 and 5 tons.
The primary benefit of electric forklifts is fuel costs. As opposed to internal combustion or IC units, these have less expenses per hour. Among the main drawbacks to the electric forklifts is their higher initial cost. Brand new electric forklifts can vary from 20% to 40% more compared to internal combustion models which are similarly rated.
Electric forklifts on the other hand, provide many advantages like quiet operations, that could be a big plus for indoor environments. In addition, no need for fuel storage mean no room needs to be allotted for tanks of dangerous and flammable fuels. Because electric forklifts have less components that move compared to IC units, and they are typically used inside and in cleaner settings, they tend to have a longer lifespan overall.
The electric forklifts biggest disadvantage is the batteries downtime. The large and really heavy, lead acid batteries are somewhat similar to those\the ones now found inside automobiles. These batteries are very powerful and really big. Normally, batteries provide sufficient power for one regular 8-hour shift, and this means 5 or 6 hours of continuous utilization.