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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 230 feet or 70 meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, particularly due to their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be brought to the construction site by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machine portion of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these parts are connected to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be some of the other industrial machines which is typically used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra twenty feet or 6.1m. Then, the operator of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
The meaning of a "loaded container" for the purpose of securing and container handling; is a container other than in the tare or empty condition. Containers should be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind must be taken into account. The word loaded refers to the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. So as to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the load has to be equally distributed all around the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an equally distributed cargo is beneficial to prevent lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting. An even load helps to prevent unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is extremely important that the designers of handling equipment and containers take this into account during the engineering process. For instance, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the container length measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5 percent.
Make certain that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container, in order to make sure that the machinery used is perfect for the cargo. Specific attention mus be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like for example a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care needs to be taken when lifting these.