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Some industrial and commercial buildings could reach heights of over sixty stories. Apparently, when these buildings are being constructed, they require equally tall cranes to move the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes which have their own vehicle connected or other kinds which are operated from the rear of trucks. Tower cranes are the biggest ones on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures which are normally seen on high-rise building projects. Usually, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. Wherever new construction like skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like for instance shopping center are being built, odds are a crane will be on site.
Kinds
The two major types of cranes could be differentiated by the way in which their boom or jib raises materials. The jib is the metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts items. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both kinds can range from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame that is a combination of separate sections. So as to increase the overall height of the equipment, sections are added. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
In order to raise materials, the crane utilizes a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the boom or jib from a motor located near the control module. There is a pulley system situated at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when heavy supplies are carried.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a specialized kind of mobile crane. These cranes utilize hydraulics and can lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are very essential in constructing major projects like airports, bridges, streets and buildings. A crane could complete in minutes tasks which would normally take hundreds of men and many hours to accomplish.
These remarkable machines have played a vital part in building cities, houses, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were probably built using basic cranes to allow the heaviest supplies in one of the most remarkable construction projects of all time.
The first representation of a crane was featured during King Ramses' reign in Egypt during 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting mechanism that was used to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These mechanism were used to build a whole country in the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were initially made out of wood. The designs of cranes began to change when dockyards started to require stronger and larger machines. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes during 1834, in Bolton, England. This equipment was capable of lifting up to 2 tons. That very same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a larger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
Eventually, the wire ropes were weaved together in order to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added advantage of flexibility. Germany started to make cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane made by Germany was built in Neuburg.
